News

A new water calibration for glasses, from rhyolite to mantle peridotite

Measuring water in a silicate glass by infrared spectroscopy means converting how much light the glass absorbs into an actual water content. That conversion factor, the molar absorption coefficient, changes with glass composition. Until now it had only been calibrated for relatively polymerized glasses, from rhyolite to basanite.

Our new study (Bondar et al. 2026, Chemical Geology) extends the calibration to highly depolymerized peridotitic glasses, the closest lab analogue to mantle melts. We measured absolute water content with elastic recoil detection analysis, a direct nuclear method that works independently of the glass's chemistry, and compared the results against a database of over 350 published values we compiled and critically assessed, the largest of its kind.

Molar absorption coefficients for all four water-related infrared bands correlate tightly with SiO2 content, with R² up to 0.998 across the full range from rhyolite to peridotite. That means water content in silicate glasses, from silica-rich volcanic melts to the depolymerized compositions relevant to the mantle and magma oceans, can now be measured accurately by FTIR using a single, composition-dependent calibration.

Superheating in mafic magmas

Our new study, Bonechi et al. (Nat. Comm.), investigates how superheating affects crystallisation kinetics in mafic magmas and the implications for magma ascent and eruptive behaviour. Combining synchrotron-based in situ experiments, high-pressure laboratory experiments, Raman spectroscopy, calorimetry and numerical modelling, we examine the nucleation of clinopyroxene in tephritic magmas from the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Canary Islands). The results show that superheating can substantially delay crystal nucleation by dissolving pre-existing nuclei and promoting structural homogenisation of the melt. As a consequence, magmas experiencing higher degrees of superheating remain less crystalline during ascent, maintaining lower viscosities and different ascent dynamics compared with magmas that have resided under near-liquidus conditions. Numerical simulations indicate that variations in nucleation delay can lead to significant differences in crystal content, magma rheology and mass eruption rates. These findings highlight the importance of pre-eruptive thermal histories in controlling crystallisation processes and provide new constraints for modelling magma transport and forecasting volcanic behaviour.

New free, open access tool: calculate volcanic melt viscosity from composition (MELVIS)

We introduce MELVIS (MELt VIScosity), a new open-access web application developed at the GLASS laboratory (CNR-ISSMC, Rome) for modelling the viscosity of volcanic melts directly from major-element compositions. The platform combines ANN-based MYEGA viscosity calculations, volatile-dependent rheological modelling, and composition-specific calibrations derived from experimental datasets in recent literature. MELVIS runs entirely in the browser, requires no installation, and generates publication-ready figures and formatted Excel outputs from simple CSV inputs. The application is currently under active development, with additional melt properties and extended volatile modelling planned for future releases.

A graphical abstract is available.

Viscosity of the Agnano-Monte Spina trachyte, Campi Flegrei

Our new study develops a composition-specific viscosity model for the Agnano–Monte Spina trachytic melt by integrating high-temperature rheometry, falling-sphere experiments, and molecular dynamics simulations. This integrated approach allows us to robustly capture how water content, temperature, and shear rate control melt viscosity over a wide range of pre- and syn-eruptive conditions. The resulting parameterization significantly improves predictions of ascent dynamics, degassing efficiency, and fragmentation thresholds for hydrous trachytic magmas. More broadly, our framework offers a template for building similarly tailored viscosity models for other evolved volcanic systems, enhancing the realism of numerical and experimental eruption models.

A gas-slug model for basaltic Vulcanian eruptions at Stromboli volcano

In Giordano et al. (2026) we examined the July 3, 2019, paroxysm at Stromboli and argue that this eruption is better explained as a basaltic Vulcanian event rather than by the usual model of deep, volatile-rich magma simply rising to the surface. Textural evidence from the erupted materials shows that the low-porphyritic pumice formed through very rapid decompression, fragmentation, and quenching during the explosion. We propose that a large rising gas slug pressurized and broke through a shallow conduit already filled with highly porphyritic magma, triggering top-down decompression and evacuation of both shallow and deeper magma. This study therefore offers a new model for how explosions can occur even at open-conduit basaltic volcanoes like Stromboli, and we argue that this model fits the observed eruption dynamics and geophysical data better than previous explanations.

Constraints on the magmatic variables governing pre-eruptive conditions at Hunga volcano

In Calfiano et al. (2026) we present experimental and thermodynamic constraints on the magmatic conditions preceding eruptions at Hunga volcano and develops a new equilibrium thermometer based on orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene compositions. High-pressure crystallization experiments on basaltic andesite show that temperature and melt-water content strongly control mineral assemblages and differentiation paths, indicating pre-eruptive conditions of about 1050–1130 °C and up to ~3 wt.% H₂O in the magma. The results support a polybaric and polythermal plumbing system beneath Hunga volcano and provide improved tools for reconstructing magmatic storage conditions in arc volcanoes.

High mechanical resistance - porous ceramics by cold sintering of volcanic ash from Mount Etna

In Biesuz et al. (2026) we demonstrated that volcanic ash from Mount Etna can be consolidated into porous ceramics via the cold sintering process at temperatures below 200 °C, using either water or a KOH solution as a transient liquid phase and applying pressures of 100–500 MPa. The resulting materials exhibit 22–39 % porosity, thermal conductivity comparable to conventional fired bricks, and markedly superior mechanical strength. This low-energy, waste-valorizing route offers a sustainable alternative for recycling large volumes of volcanic ash into high-performance building materials.

Modeling magma viscosity and ascent dynamics of the 472 CE sub-Plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)

In Dominijanni et al. (2026) we examined how the physical and chemical properties of phonotephritic magma influenced the dynamics of the historic 472 CE eruption by integrating new experimental data into a temperature- and water-dependent viscosity model. We showed that melt fragility increases with water content, leading to dramatic increases in viscosity during dehydration that exceed predictions from empirical models. When incorporated into a conduit flow model, this improved rheological framework provides refined insights into magma ascent and fragmentation processes for this key volcanic event, with implications for understanding explosive eruption dynamics.

Chemically driven nano-elastic heterogeneities control fragility in volcanic melts

In Cassetta et al. (2026) we explored how nanoscale structural variations within silicate melts influence their mechanical behavior, especially the transition between ductile flow and brittle failure relevant to volcanic processes. We quantified key parameters like structural correlation length and microscopic free volume across a compositional series from basaltic to rhyolitic melts, and showed that increases in these nanoscale heterogeneities correlate with changes in melt fragility and elastic properties. We provide a quantitative framework connecting melt composition and medium-range structural features to rheological responses, offering new insights into how volcanic melts deform and break under different conditions.

Precipitation kinetics of nucleating agents in LAS glass-ceramics

In Streichert et al. (2025) we investigated how small amounts of nucleating agents in lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass-ceramics begin to form crystals during heat treatment, a process that is hard to measure due to their low concentration. We used in-situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopy during isothermal holds to reveal a two-stage transformation: an initial liquid-liquid phase separation linked to changes in Ti⁴⁺ coordination, followed by the formation of TiO₂(B) and anatase phases in demixed regions. By applying a sectional Johnson–Mehl–Avrami-Kolmogorov analysis, we identified a stationary nucleation mechanism in the first stage and minimal volume change in the second, advancing kinetic understanding of crystallization in technical LAS glass-ceramics.

Viscosity and structure relationships in Na2O-enriched haplogranitic melts

In Stopponi et al. (2025) we show how increasing amounts of sodium oxide affect the structure, thermal behavior, and viscosity of haplogranitic silicate melts using micropenetration viscometry, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show that adding Na₂O depolymerizes the melt structure, leading to a pronounced decrease in viscosity and a consistent increase in melt fragility, with clear links between nanoscale vibrational dynamics and macroscopic flow behavior. We also refine DSC-based shift-factor approach to improve accuracy in characterizing viscosity-temperature relationships, offering a predictive tool for understanding the rheology of Na₂O-rich peralkaline rhyolites relevant to evolved magmatic systems.

Aluminum control on viscosity and structure of haplogranitic melts: Implications for rhyolitic melt viscosity determination

In Giuliani et al. (2025) we examined how aluminum controls the viscosity and structural polymerization of haplogranitic (rhyolitic) melts by combining micropenetration viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that changes in Al content produce measurable shifts in melt structure and viscosity, indicating that Al-driven polymerization must be accounted for when determining rhyolitic melt viscosities. We calibrate the DSC shift-factor approach for rhyolitic melts. This work refines viscosity determinations for felsic magmas and thereby improves models of magma transport and eruptive behaviour.

September 2025. Characterization of mixed-waste glasses in the CAS system: insights from differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy.

In Stabile et al. (2025) we evaluated vitrifying construction and ceramic wastes in the CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (CAS) system by melting blended samples at 1200 °C and characterizing the products with Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Weshow that compositions containing ~70 wt% ceramic powder yield fully amorphous, silica-rich glasses with increased network polymerizationand higher viscosities near the glass transition. These findings indicate that carefully formulated CDW–ceramic blends can be thermally processed into industrially useful glasses, supporting practical upcycling routes for construction waste.

Intralaboratory calibration of the DSC shift-factor approach for melt viscosity determination

Our new study in the Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids presents an intralaboratory calibration of the DSC shift-factor approach for lead metasilicate glass using combined ball penetration viscometry, conventional DSC, and flash DSC on identical samples. We determined DSC shift factors, enabling viscosity determination across eight orders of magnitude with precision comparable to direct measurements. This refined calibration demonstrates the critical importance of using identical sample batches and highlights potential chemical dependence of shift factors in highly fragile glass-forming systems.

First 3D visualization of nanolite aggregation in volcanic glass using X-ray ptychography

Our new study (Bamber et al. 2025) in Nature Communications presents the first 3D nanometer-scale visualization of nanolites in basaltic volcanic glass using X-ray ptychography at Diamond Light Source. We found that Ti-magnetite nanolites aggregate into complex 3D structures, creating differentiated boundary layers that increase magma viscosity by 2-3 orders of magnitude. This syn-eruptive nanocrystallization helps explain how basaltic magmas can produce highly explosive Plinian eruptions.

New study on lava flow rheology of the January 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruption (Iceland)

Our new research (Di Fiore et al. 2025) on the January 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruption in Iceland reveals key insights into basaltic lava behavior. We studied how cooling rates affect lava's viscosity and flow, finding that the Sundhnúksgígar basalt has a uniquely low rate of viscosity increase during crystallization. This basalt's ability to crystallize even at high cooling rates suggests it can form a rigid outer crust quickly. This rapid crust formation insulates the lava's interior, allowing it to maintain lower viscosity and flow efficiently over longer distances.

New study on andesite magma and nanoscale chemical heterogeneities showing the first in-situ observation of nanolite formation in magmas

In our new study (Valdivia et al. 2025), published in Communications Earth & Environment, we set out to explore how these tiny crystals (nanolites), so small they can only be seen with powerful electron microscopes, influence the viscosity of andesitic magma. This question is especially important at arc volcanoes like Sakurajima, where andesitic magmas dominate and eruptions can rapidly shift between effusive and explosive behavior. Our research shows that even a small amount of nanolites can increase magma viscosity by up to thirty times. This is a dramatic change, enough to significantly alter how magma behaves.

Vesuvius volcano turned this brain to glass (video from Nature)

Our new Scientific Reports study uncovers a unique and rare phenomenon: the transformation of a human brain into glass during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE. Normally, organic tissues do not vitrify at high temperatures, but we found that extreme heat—above 510°C—followed by rapid cooling caused this rare preservation. This discovery, the only known case on Earth, provides new insights into the extreme conditions of pyroclastic flows and how they impact human remains. Our findings shed light on the violent nature of the eruption and open new avenues for studying ancient biological materials.

February 2025. New study on Colli Albani melt viscosity and implications for mafic Plinian eruptions

Our new study (Fanesi et al. 2025) looks at magma from Italy’s Colli Albani volcano and reveals that under high-temperature, water-rich conditions, the magma is much less viscous than expected, enablig fast transfer at depth. However, as it loses water, crystals form rapidly, making the magma up to 4300 times more viscous. These findings improve our understanding of how magma is stored and moves beneath the surface, shedding light on the processes behind explosive eruptions.

New study on nanolite Crystallization, high-temperature Raman spectroscopy and low-temperature rock-magnetic analysis

Our latest study, published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, introduces a cost-effective way to study nanolites at high temperatures. Traditionally, such research required expensive tools, but we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy—a more accessible technique—can effectively analyze nanolites in volcanic andesite. By heating samples above 655°C, we observed nanolite formation as temperatures increased and over time. This breakthrough offers a simpler method to investigate volcanic processes, advancing our ability to understand volcanic eruptions.

First video documenting nanocrystal formation in a magma

We are thrilled to share that, for the first time, we have successfully filmed the formation of nanocrystals in magma at temperatures relevant to volcanic eruptions. This groundbreaking achievement was made possible through a collaborative effort between the GLASS laboratory at the Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC) in Rome and the Institute of Extreme Conditions and Materials: High Temperature and Irradiation (CEMHTI-CNRS) in Orléans.

This video represents a significant milestone, not only for volcanology but also for the glass-ceramics community. It offers new insights into nanocrystal formation processes under extreme conditions, contributing to a deeper understanding of magma behavior and its potential impact on volcanic activity. The project results from intensive and dedicated collaboration among colleagues in Italy, France, and Germany.

Our findings have been published in a preprint at this link. We look forward to continuing this research and expanding our understanding of these fascinating processes.

New study on the viscosity of phonotephritic melt from Vesuvius

Our study examines how magma interacts with carbonate rocks and how this affects its flow. Using volcanic melt from the 472 CE Pollena eruption at Vesuvius, we added CaO and a mix of calcium and magnesium oxides to mimic natural interactions with carbonates. We found that CaO reduces the magma's viscosity significantly at high temperatures, while both CaO and MgO affect flow at lower temperatures. These changes impact how magma flows and mixes, helping improve predictions of volcanic behavior.

Influence of cooling and shear rates on volcanic dynamics: insights from Stromboli and Etna

Magma ascending through Earth's crust undergoes complex chemical and physical changes that can lead to crystallization, contributing to a thermodynamic equilibrium state. This process significantly impacts volcanic system dynamics and eruptive styles. Our new study on Stromboli (Italy) magma revealed that cooling rates strongly influence basalt solidification. In contrast, shear rates have a lesser effect, with differences noted compared to Etna basalts due to varying chemical compositions.

Magma titanium and iron contents dictate crystallization timescales and rheological behaviour in basaltic volcanic systems

Volcanoes can erupt in a variety of ways, from gentle lava flows to violent explosions. Our study suggests that the composition of the magma plays a key role in determining how explosive an eruption will be. We focused on two types of volcanoes: Stromboli, known for its frequent, but relatively small eruptions, and Mount Etna, with a history of both explosive and effusive eruptions. We found that the difference in how quickly the magma crystallizes is due to the magma's composition. We concluded that the speed of crystallization in these two basaltic magmas may influence how gas escapes from the magma, which affects how violently the volcano erupts.

Kinetic partitioning of trace cations between zoned clinopyroxene and a variably cooled-decompressed alkali basalt

Our new study examines trace cations in crystals from volcanic rocks at Mt. Etna in Italy. The crystals show various zoning patterns due to differences in the melt composition and supersaturation effects. The research focuses on the thermodynamics of cation distribution within these crystals, highlighting how kinetic factors play a significant role, leading to changes in crystal structure and electrostatic forces. This complexity suggests that the traditional notion of constant partition coefficients in equilibrium may not apply to the dynamic conditions of crystal growth in volcanic systems, making it important to consider local interface equilibrium when interpreting magma compositions.

Non-stoichiometric crystal nucleation: Effects on the viscosity of the residual melt

In the process of synthesizing a spodumene glass (LiAlSi2O6), in our new study, Zandonà et al. 2023 Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids we introduced a doping of 4 mol% TiO2 as a nucleating agent. However, as we delved into characterizing the glass's viscosity, we encountered a significant challenge. The vicinity of the glass transition posed a conundrum due to the emergence of thermally activated non-stoichiometric crystal nucleation. This complex interplay made precise measurements through micropenetration viscometry or calorimetry exceedingly difficult. The introduction of TiO2 crystal nucleation brought about a transformation in the composition of the remaining melt. This transformation was accompanied by a notable increase in measured viscosity, sometimes reaching up to 2 logarithmic units. The resulting alteration in viscosity readings was substantial, raising questions about the accuracy of our measurements. To overcome these complexities and ensure more reliable measurements that align closely with the viscosity of the original, homogeneous melt, we recognized the necessity for a meticulous experimental approach. Equally crucial was a deep understanding of the formation of seed crystals and their impact on the overall measurements. By addressing these challenges head-on, we aimed to navigate the intricacies of viscosity characterization and pave the way for more accurate insights into the glass's behavior near the glass transition.

Are volcanic melts less viscous than we thought?

In our new study, Valdivia et al. 2023 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, we report a new viscosity model for Stromboli melt. Understanding the melt viscosity is crucial for predicting eruptions on a probabilistic base. Scientists have been using viscosity measurements to study how magmas flow, but recent research uncovered a potential problem. Tiny crystals of Fe–Ti-oxides, called nanocrystals, can mess up the data. To ensure accurate viscosity measurements, we developed a new viscosity model for Stromboli basalt that exclusively relies on data from samples without nanocrystals. Surprisingly, the old models have been overestimating Stromboli’s viscosity by 2 to 5 times. This discovery has significant implications, suggesting that Stromboli basalt may ascend from its storage area to the vent much faster than previously believed. These findings could help improve numerical modeling of magmatic processes at Stromboli volcano, providing valuable insights for evaluating eruptive scenarios. We provide a viscosity calculator.

Viscosity of anhydrous and hydrous peridotite melts

In our new study, Di Genova et al. 2023 Chemical Geology, we report the first viscosity data of hydrous peridotite melts. Together with new anhydrous data, our study provides the largest and most comprehensive viscosity dataset over a broad chemical landscape and oxidation state. We provide a new viscosity model developed for the temperature- and water-dependent viscosity of peridotite melts (up to 12 mol% water content). We provide a viscosity calculator.

An artificial neural network viscosity model of volcanic melts. Calculator

We report the first viscosity model of volcanic melts based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in Langhammer et al. 2022, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. The ANN uses composition, temperature, a structural parameter reflecting melt polymerisation and the alkaline ratio as input parameters. It successfully reproduces and predicts measurements in the database with significantly higher accuracy than previous global models for volcanic melt viscosities. A calculator based on our ANN model is available here. An Excel file to calculate viscosities using the MYEGA equation is supplied in the Supporting Information.

A chemical threshold controls volcanism at Mt Etna and Stromboli volcanoes

In Scarani et al. 2022, Nature Communications Earth & Environment our team from Rome, Bayreuth, Orléans and Clausthal have demonstrated the role of total iron and titanium content for the formation of nanosized crystals in magmas at eruptive conditions, relating these observations to the occurrence of explosive events at basaltic volcanoes such as Mt. Etna and Stromboli in Italy.

Viscosity of volcanic melts: A global model

We report the first viscosity model of volcanic melts based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in Langhammer et al. Preprint. The ANN uses composition, temperature, a structural parameter reflecting melt polymerisation and the alkaline ratio as input parameters. It successfully reproduces and predicts measurements in the database with significantly higher accuracy than previous global models for volcanic melt viscosities. A calculator based on our ANN model is available here. An Excel file to calculate viscosities using the MYEGA equation is supplied in the Supporting Information.

Dendritic crystallization in hydrous basaltic magmas

With Arzilli et al. 2022, Nature communications, we present the first in-situ 3D time-series of crystal growth in high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. This new 4D approach provides unique quantitative information on the growth kinetics and textural evolution of pyroxene crystallization in basaltic magmas. Our results provide new insights into the processes controlling which intrusions lead to eruption, and which do not.

Determination of cooling rates of glasses over four orders of magnitude

In Scarani et al. 2020, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, we present a series of Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiments designed to parameterize the cooling rate – fictive temperature relationship of glass-forming melts. For the first time, we use flash calorimetry to access unprecedented cooling rates up to 10⁴ K s^-1. We present a normalization procedure and provide a step-by-step “how-to” guide that allows the derivation of the cooling rate embedded in glasses. Our work has also implications for the study of melts prone to rapid (nano)crystallization and dehydration.

Rapid-quenching of high-pressure depolymerized hydrous silicate (peridotitic) glasses

In Bondar et al. 2022, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, we report the first successful quenching, recovery, and characterization of high-pressure hydrous silicate glasses of peridotite composition, with H₂O contents from 0 to 5 wt%, using a large-volume high-pressure apparatus equipped with a novel rapid-quench cell. Our study provides fertile ground for developing new studies of the structure and properties relationship of extremely depolymerized melts.

The glass transition and the non-Arrhenian viscosity of carbonate melts

We report the first calorimetric observation of the glass transition for a carbonate melt in Dingwell et al. 2022, American Mineralogist. Viscosities just above the glass transition temperature were obtained by applying a shift factor to the calorimetric results. These viscosity measurements at supercooled temperatures, dramatically extend the temperature range of data for carbonates which were previously restricted to superliquidus viscosities.

Modeling the viscosity of anhydrous and hydrous volcanic melts

Our efforts towards understanding the viscosity of volcanic melts and magmas continue with Langhammer et al. 2021, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystem. In this paper we present a new physical formulation of the viscosity of volcanic melts and magmas, together with a strategy for quantifying the chemical and physical effect of nanometer crystals on viscosity.

Estimating the viscosity of volcanic melts

We present an alternative route to derive the viscosity of volcanic melts based on the vibrational properties of their parental glasses. This enables the accurate quantification of the effect of nanocrystal formation on magma viscosity and therefore the eruptive dynamics of volcanoes.

Results and implications are presented in Cassetta et al. 2021, Scientific Reports.

In situ quantification of crystallisation kinetics in basaltic magma: Implications for lava flow

We performed real-time, in situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography, studying the influence of temperature-time paths on the nucleation and growth of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in basaltic magma.

Results and implications are presented in Le Gall et al. 2021, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

The effect of iron and alkali on the nanocrystal-free viscosity of volcanic melts

We combined Raman spectroscopy and DSC to retrieve the viscosity of nanocrystal-free rhyolites. The viscosity can increase up to 3 log units with changing Fe²⁺/Fe_tot and Na/(Na+K). This has important implications for the eruptive dynamics of rhyolitic magmas.

Results and implications are presented in Stabile et al. 2021, Chemical Geology.

On the transitions in the eruptive style of basaltic volcanism

A new study constrains the combined effect of magma rheology, ascent rate and outgassing on basaltic eruption style. We focused on Kilauea and Mt. Etna volcanoes.

Results and implications are presented in La Spina et al. 2021, Earth and Planetary Science Letters.

The study, published in Science Advances, describes how nano-sized crystals (nanolites), 10,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair, can have a significant impact of the viscosity of erupting magma, resulting in previously unexplained and explosive eruptions.

Exploring and unravelling the effect of nano-heterogeneity on the viscosity of technical and volcanic silicate melts

We present a multi-pronged approach to demonstrate how the emergence of nano-heterogeneities exerts a previously unexplored influence on the viscosity of multicomponent silicate melts.

Results and implications are presented in Di Genova et al. 2020, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids.

Quantifying microstructural evolution in moving magma

We present experimental apparatus and analytical toolkit for the in situ X-ray tomography based quantification of magmatic microstructural evolution during rheological testing. We present the first 3D data showing the evolving textural heterogeneity within a shearing magma, highlighting the dynamic changes to microstructure that occur from the initiation of shear, and the variability of the microstructural response to that shear as deformation progresses.

Details of experimental apparatus, results and implications are presented in Dobson et al. 2020, Frontiers in Earth Science.

Flash Differential Scanning Calorimetry (Flash DSC), Clausthal University of Technology, Germany

We present the first FDSC measurements with heating and cooling rates up to 3 × 10⁵ K min^-1 of glass-forming systems prone to crystallization. We provide a universal shift factor to retrieve the viscosity of silicate and fluorophosphate melts from ~10⁶ up to ~10¹² Pa s without the need of performing viscosity measurements.

Results and implications are presented in Al-Mukadam et al. 2020, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids.